Monday, December 30, 2019

How Does Ikea Approach Operations Management - 6114 Words

The main purpose of this paper is to focus on the how IKEA Company approached its operation management. Particularly, it covers the following: how the company establish and manage customer requirements, secondly how does these customers requirements used for the company’s product and services, then, third covers the operational systems and processes it used in its operation, fourth consists of capacity planning, process layout, and product services/scheduling, inventory and projects were managed in the organization. And, lastly is on why and how monitoring and evaluation of operation were carried out by the company. This paper also provides empirical findings and application of relevant theories that will help readers to really understand†¦show more content†¦The main reason is that it mainly focuses on how a company develops the right product. It may very simple to say that it may only be about how the company interviews or provide questionnaires or even conducting s urveys just to know the important and appropriate requirement of the customers. 1 The IKEA Concept, 2007. But, actually it is more than that and it takes a lot of effort in performing such activity. That is also the problem with come companies, they would think that establishing customer requirement is easy as like asking them when they visit the shops, stores or even sometimes paying some formal visits does not answers all these and in fact there are customers that would only accomplish survey forms out of persistence by some crews or managers of the shops. And the problem started as when the company started to rely on these requirements and apply some strategies on it, seeing it as the real problem and from there irrelevant solutions were applied and that only adds problem or worsen the problem of the company. In theory, it is said that establishing customer needs or requirements are mainly the job of the marketing department of the company and these group also knows that requirements of customers may come from different aspects in the business. Like one of the aspect is that requirements may come from the attitude of the customer towards theShow MoreRelatedIkea s Market Tool For The Retail Giant Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: IKEA is a multinational group of companies, specialized in designs and sells home furniture (ready to assemble). They also sell accessories, bathroom kitchen items and lately they have offered food market in their retail stores around the world. It was founded by Ingvar Kamprad who born in southern Sweden in 1926 and who was listed as one of the world s richest people in 2013. The company is known by its modern (simplicity) design, cost control, operation details and continues productRead MoreChapter 3 Ikea OT Case anaylsis Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis: How IKEA manages the global Environment. Discussion Questions: Q1: List the various ways in which IKEA has managed the global environment over time. Company’s approach that focuses on Simplicity, attention to detail and cost consciousness which help in attracting customers and their needs and wishes and approach of responsive in every aspect of its operations and behavior that lead to keep their organization reputation at a high level and customer expectations Company’s Owner approach in moneyRead MoreOutline Of A Business On Ikea1094 Words   |  5 Pages IKEA Aimee Valdes Palm Beach State College Chapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction Introduction Corporate name, founding date, founding leaders. 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As Swedish-based company, IKEA is aRead MoreIKEA S Global Sourcing Challenge Case Questions Essay813 Words   |  4 Pagesshould decline the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming forecast of the German video program. The producers of the documentary invited them to take part in a live discussion during the airing, and while this offer does sound beneficial for IKEA to educate the public and the producers of the current efforts taken to fight child labor, it would not be in their best interest. This is attributed to the fact that t he producers refuse to let IKEA preview the video beforehand andRead MoreIKEA Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor1176 Words   |  5 PagesProposal Case: IKEA Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Summary In this case, it is known that IKEA s procurement model is the mode of global sourcing. 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It will review the concepts of the value chain, the inter-relationshipRead MoreCase Study Ikea and Acme6073 Words   |  25 Pagesdiscussing how the functions of the operation are carried out in IKEA and ACME. It was interesting to know how the two extremely different company’s one a very large firm with big brand name I.e. IKEA and another one ACME very old historic British company caring the values and culture till date. I have also explain how IKEA and ACME carry out their supply chain what are the major differences operation wise within the company. It was very interesting to do the case study and it points out how the operationRead MoreExamine Why Multinational Corporations Seek to Transfer Their Home-Country Human Resource Management Policies to Their Overseas Subsidiaries. Use Examples to Explain the Difficulties That Firms Might Encounter in the Transfer Process.1247 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength which needs to be taken care of all the time to have a competitive advantage within the industry they operating in. Multinational corporations (MNCs) see k to transfer their home-country human resource management (HRM) practices to their overseas subsidiary as to them it is just another approach towards globalisation. It can be an element of success for MNCs if they manage to transfer these HRM practices across their subsidiaries in an effective manner. An effective transition of these policiesRead MoreSwot And Analytical Tools : Business Analysis Tools1040 Words   |  5 Pagestechniques investors use to assess a company’s operations. In most cases, the purpose of the analysis is to determine how effective or efficient a company is in the overall market locally, nationally and globally. A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of this strategic planning process. A few different tools are commonly used such as SWOT, PESTEL, Comparative and Porter’s Five Forces. Each one takes a different approach when reviewing the company’s financial and nonfinancial

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Definition And Features Of The Learning Theories - 1332 Words

Learning is a multifaceted perception unique to each individual. In looking to address the intricacies of learning, there have been a multitude of learning theories established over the centuries. To this day new theories are developed and traditional theories continue to be developed and expanded upon. (Swinburne Online, 2016) This paper will draw on information to explore the definitions and features of the learning theories constructivism and behaviourism. Whilst exploring the solid benefits for learning and the learner and then moving onto the challenges and restrictions of both theories will be considered. Examining the distinctive aspects of the theories, this paper will conclude whether one theory or the blend of both theories is best when addressing the intricacies of an individual’s education. This paper will critically examine the two major learning theories; constructivism and behaviourism. These are theories that have been contributed to by many theorists across several hundred years. Pavlov, Watson, Watson and Rayner, Thorndike, Skinner and Bandura have shaped behaviourism. Piaget, Dewey, Vygotsky and Bruner have adjusted constructivism theory. â€Å"Behaviorism is predominantly concerned with evident and measurable aspects of human behavior. In defining behaviour, behaviourist-learning theories emphasise changes in behavior that result from stimulus-response links made by the learner. Behaviour is directed by stimuli. An individual selects one response insteadShow MoreRelatedA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition1660 Words   |  7 PagesA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition 〠Abstract】With the concept of autonomy being part of the mainstream of research and practice within the field of language education, the study of learning strategies in L2 acquisition has drawn much attention. This paper discusses the issues covering the fundamental aspect: identification and classification of learning strategy. The problems are reviewed concerning the definition and classification of learning strategies and then the paper tentativelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1333 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussing crime, it is essential to provide theories to grasp a conceptual understan ding. There are many theories that have been conductedRead MoreLife And Career Of The Nursing Profession1531 Words   |  7 Pagesin Rochester, New York. Henderson was one of the most important in the field of nursing Theorists; she dedicated her life and career to the definition of nursing practice. Henderson considered nursing as an occupation that affects human life in many ways so that the functions and ideas of this profession should be described. Several of her ideas and definitions of the nursing profession come from many of her colleagues and students at the University of Columbia Nursing. Henderson stressed the increasedRead MorePsy 360 Language Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexploring the definition of language and lexicon, evaluating language’s key features, the four levels of language structure and processing, and the role of language in Cognitive Psychology, an understanding of what language is becomes clear. Let us begin by defining language and a term named lexicon. LANGUAGE AND LEXICON DEFINITION One big question, when the subject of language comes up, is exactly what language is. What constitutes something as a language? 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The subject area is computing and the pedagogies that will be examined are â€Å"Constructivism†, â€Å"Learning through making† and â€Å"Traditional†. Another factor that can influence the chosen pedagogy is the way that the students in the class learn and process information. All students learn in different ways and the pedagogy should reflect this. Broad GeneralRead MoreEffects of Written Corrective Feedback (CF) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review In this section, I will review current literature about written CF. I will start with several definitions of written CF and CF’s possible facilitative role in language learning. Then, I will end this section with a review of previous studies done on the domain of CF. Definition of Written Corrective Feedback (CF) Written corrective feedback has been defined in some ways. 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Also to a teachers benefit ar e the ideas needed to form a concept, such as exemplars, defining features, irrelevant features, non-examples, and prototypes. Introducing the advance organizer, presenting ideas in terms of specific examples, and linking the content back to the advance organizer is Ausubels model for expository teaching (Woolfolk, 2004, p. 283)Read MoreCan Virtue be Taught in Platos Dialogue797 Words   |  3 Pageshe does not have an answer to such question because he does not even have knowledge of what virtue is. This claim prompts Meno to provide Socrates with a definition of virtue. He explains that there are different virtues for different people dependent on their gender, age, and social class (Plato 872). Socrates, however, rejects this definition because it fails to provide a single form common to all kinds of virtue. Meno gives another attempt by defining virtue as the ability to rule over people

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Safe Journey Free Essays

string(33) " not a new venture in the world\." SAFEJOURNEY 1. Introduction Since the innovation of diesel engine mankind has got new dimensions in their piece of living conditions i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe Journey or any similar topic only for you Order Now the civilization. Most important achievement thereby was that men got the motion. These diesel engines gave shape in manifold. In transport sector the horse car/coach were started replacing by motorcars of different sizes and shapes to fit the needs of mankind. The addition of petrol engine has accelerated the rate. In the present era nobody can even think of avoiding the elements of transportation because the society has become too much dependent on this. But still there is a problem. The problem lies with the technology. Nobody can claim that these technologies will never fail. Due to mechanical fault, poor maintenance, overuse, overage, misuse etc these failures occur. Though we are aware of these and may take preventive and reactive measures to avoid those situations but these failures are still day-to-day phenomena. Think about a situation – where your personal vehicle becomes out of order on the highway in a remote place. If so, what is the remedy? There are some arrangements by the Government. However, that could not earn the faith of the public. Thus, in our case, this aspect is still remaining uncared. The astute investors could have identified the need of assistance in such situation in many countries. The effort of our new service oriented firm Safejourney is to care these aspects. The purpose of this plan is to analyze the strategic and situational aspect of the firm and focus market product, marketing mix and thereby project a detailed marketing plan of the firm. The scope of this plan will be limited to the following: Concept Development Process †¢ Company Description †¢ Strategic Analysis †¢ Situation Analysis †¢ Market Product Focus †¢ Marketing Mix †¢ Financial Analysis †¢ Organization †¢ Implementation †¢ Evaluation and Control While formulating the plan firstly our effort is to highlight the concept development process, followed by the orientation with the company. Then Mission, goals and core competency of the organ ization will be covered under strategic analysis. Thereafter, analytical part of the plan will include – SWOT, industry, competitor, company and customer analysis. The market, product and financing objectives of the organization and also target market identification will be the contents of the product market focus. This part will also mention the Unique Selling Proposition [USP] and positioning plan of the organization. Then under the marketing program 4 P’s i. e. marketing mix will be illustrated. The financial analysis and organization’s planned set up will be discussed followed by the implementation plan. Finally, the evaluation and control measures will be pen-pictured. We have carried out a detailed study, which was a combination of primary and secondary data analysis and empirical study. Our contact method was mainly in the form of personal interviews with the competent official of the concerned authority, and collecting public views associated to this sector. We have also conducted the market survey deliberately, carried out various statistical analyses by testing related hypotheses. Collection of associated data from Bangladesh Road Transport Authority and Bangladesh Police [traffic control] were also a part of the survey. Thereby, we have found it is feasible to serve the victims of the roads. 2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 2. 1 The Idea Generation Bangladesh is a third world developing country. The country’s GDP is not again encouraging. Therefore, the people cannot always effort to have all first hand / brand new vehicles of any sorts. The used vehicles are not always reliable and often found to be out of order. Moreover, poor infrastructure of the country has also strong influence to cause such failure – a fatal accident is not also an exception to it. The arrangements offered by the Government to support such cases are often seem to be inadequate, time consuming, costly and failed to earn confidence. Thus, there is always a need to support those victims in terms of mechanical, medical, psychological and emergency assistance. This led us to create the idea of a service organization to support in this regard. 2. 2 Concept Development The concept of providing necessary service by Safejourney is to have number of Highway Mobile Patrols [HMP] and Static service points at regular intervals. Maintaining a reliable communication network, our teams will be called by our valued customers and in response, will be capable to reach the spot within 30 minutes. Service charge will be collected depending upon the degree of assistance rendered. Membership will be offered on the basis of annual subscription. 2. 3 Nature of Service Safejourney will have the capability to offer the following services: Small scale repair work on the spot. Medium scale repair work at the static service points (Towing facilities will be included) Large scale repair work at the zonal workshops (Towing facilities will be included) Available at the static service points. On call. First aid will be provided on requirement. Evacuation support:Will be provided on emergency basis. 2. 4 Investment/Benefits/ Commissions/ Business 2. 4. Investment Concept 1Invest to purchase vehicles, repair machineries, establishment of Head offices, zonal workshops static service points. Concept 2Invest to establish versatile communication network. Concept 3Invest in acquiring required manpower. Concept 4Invest in promotional and social activities. 2. 4. 2 Benefits Concept 1Earnings from membership charges. Concept 2Earnings from service charges. Concept 3Earnings from charges of emergency support. 5. Time Frame Concept 1To provide services round the clock. Concept 2To reach the spot within 30 minutes after calling. Concept 3To provide medical and emergency support as and when required. 6. Number of Outlets /Service Points Concept 1To arrange service facilities in the major highways. Concept 2At least two mobile patrols under each static service points. Concept 3Static service points are to be established every after 70/80 km. Concept 4Zonal offices are to be established near the major cities. Concept 5Head office is to be established at Dhaka. 3. Company Description 3. 1History Although it is new for the country like Bangladesh, service organization as Safejourney is not a new venture in the world. You read "Safe Journey" in category "Essay examples" In Germany, there is such an organization known as â€Å"Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobile- Club† in short ADAC operating for more than 40 years. Earning the confidence and faith of the public is the first and foremost criteria for most of the businesses success. If one can achieve it, other part of the business becomes much easier. The newly established firm Safejourney is the pioneer in Bangladesh in this field. 2. Name The legal name of the firm is SAFEJOURNEY BANGLADESH PRIVATE LIMITED and the motto of Safejourney is Destination Guaranteed†¦ 3. Purpose The purposes of Safejourney are described as follows: ? To provide quality repair and recovery services to the vehicles on the prescribed highways. To support the under mentioned services in emergency: a. Providing First aid to the accident Injuries. b. Evacuating the serious cases to the nearest hospital/ clinic. c. In case of criminal act, providing support by informing highway Patrol Police. d. To provide transportation service to anyone on payment only in emergency cases. ? In future we plan to render our communication network facilities to the transport companies. 4. Functional Activities Safejourney has started her journey to serve the victims of the roads and persons in emergencies. On receiving the call from the customers our control station will intimate the matter and appropriate location to the responsible zonal office and / or static point keeping divisional office informed. The zonal office or static points will than direct the nearest Highway Mobile Patrol (HMP) to the spot. HMP, upon initial investigation will render effort to repair the necessary defects. If the case appears to be relatively difficult, the vehicle will be towed to the respective static point. Likewise, major cases will be handled by the zonal workshop. In simple cases, on completion of the necessary repair jobs the customer will pay the bill prepared by HMP as per prescribed price chart. The members will get the discount if he/she possesses the Safejourney ID Card. In case of major / difficult cases the customer may pay in the head office or any of the zonal offices. A diagrammatical presentation of functional activities is as in Appendix A 3. 5 Organization It is essential to have a very well structured organisation to achieve the success in any kind of business. Thus, Safejourney has taken all out effort o organize both the administrative and functional aspects in order to ensure a quality service, secured and unbroken flow of information, good administration, better co-operation and co-ordination. Therefore, overall planning, organizing, leading and controlling aspects of Safejourney are vested on the head office. Under head office there are various departments for loo king after the administrative perspectives of the firm. Moreover, our service areas are divided in three divisions. The divisions are again subdivided into area/zones to have a better control of the functional perspective of our organisation. However, a detail of Administrative Organisation of Safejourney is illustrated in Appendix B and Functional Organization of Safejourney is illustrated in Appendix C of this plan. 6. Establishment and Number of Outlets/Service Points We have offered initially three major route of the country. The routes are as follows: †¢ Dhaka – Chittagong Road †¢ Dhaka – Bogra – Rajshahi Road †¢ Dhaka – Jessore – Khulna Road Our head office is located in Dhaka, whereas the Divisional offices are in Chittagong, Bogra and Jessore. Detail of the Zonal Workshops, Static service points and outlets are presented in Appendix D of this plan. . 0 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 4. 1 Mission Reaching our customers with in 30 minutes after calling at anytime on the highways when someone gets stuck with his/her vehicle and repair it to make him/her feel safe. 4. 2 Objectives 4. 2. 1 Financial Objective †¢ To earn an annual rate of return on investment at 20%. †¢ To Make Profit 20% above sales. †¢ To reduce the amount of investment capital where possible. †¢ To acquire 3500 members by year 5 †¢ To reach at the breakeven point by year 5 †¢ To achieve 80% of the market share by year 2008. 4. 2. 2 Marketing Objective †¢ To repair 30 vehicles per route each day. To provide better quality service than the potential competitors. †¢ To provide superior and timely repair †¢ To achieve strong brand name. †¢ To establish capable and systematic service outlets at each 60-80 km intervals. †¢ To ensure wide geographic coverage than rivals’ and potential competitors. †¢ To ensure higher level of customer satisfaction. †¢ To provide limited first aid and transportation to accident injuries to increase social value. 4. 3 Core Competency and sustainable competitive advantage Core competency means the achievement of significant competitive advantage by a firm over its rivals. Our core competency will be reaching in time to the customers and providing services of better quality than our competitors. 4. 3. 1 Reaching in time to the customers: We will have number of service centers each after 60-80 km. So, any one calling us over mobile/ T T phone, we will ensure our presence with in 30 minutes. This will make the customers feel safe and confident about our organization. 4. 3. 2 Providing better quality service: At present our main competitors are the old aged roadside or sub-urban based repair workshops. Our services will be provided in time with the modern equipment and of course we will maintain our quality. . 3. 3 Pioneer advantage: Though there are number of repair workshops but we are the first to provide on call services on the highways with fast speed and responsibilities. At present we don’t have much strong competitors, but even new competitors enter, we will have customer’s preferences as we are the first in this business. We will a lready have lot of members and hold the lion share of the market. 5. 0 SITUATION ANALYSIS 5. 1 SWOT Analysis 5. 1. 1 Strength: Main strengths of â€Å"safe journey† are identified as follows: 5. 1. 2. Weakness: The weaknesses are as follows: business is based on happenings of some eventualities . 1. 3. Opportunity: Opportunity means where the company can operate profitably. The Opportunities of safeJourney are as follows: 5. 1. 4 Threat: The happenings which may create obstruction in achieving our business objectives are as follows: 5. 2 Industry Analysis â€Å"SateJourney â€Å"is a service oriented organization. There are many others who provide the same services to the customers. There are many workshops located in the rural, suburban or urban areas. The rural or suburban based workshops are old aged, that doesn’t have any efficient system of identifying the problems and repairing those. There are few big sized workshops in the city areas but they hardly provide on call service. They also don’t have an efficient way of dealing with the customers. As a whole in the industry nobody is holding absolute supremacy. ‘Safe Journey’ will enter the business considering the aspects of winning customers’ mind. The competitors will not affect its operation and business objectives. The local workshops are weak but close competitors. City based service centers are strong but distant competitors, so ‘SafeJourney ‘will enjoy almost monopoly in the rural highways and likely to face pure competition in the urban areas. . 3 Competitor Analysis 5. 3. 1 Brand Competitor: SafeJourney is the first company to provide mobile repair service and serve the customers even in the remote place on the high ways. Thereby at present we don’t find any brand competitor of ours. 5. 3. 2 Industry Competitor: Our service is based on repair services of the auto mobiles. There are many other small or big workshops providing the same kind of services. So they are our industry competitors. 5. 3. 3 Form Competitor: This service provides the need for safety on the high ways by repair and maintaining vehicles. There are few other workshops other than automobile workshops that also carryout some sort of repair works like motor cycle or bicycle repair. They are our form competitors. 5. 3. 4 Generic Competitor: Ours generic competitors would be anyone taking away our customers. The roadside restaurants, tower vehicles, public transports are few of our generic competitors. 5. 4 Company Analysis Our company will have numbers of static points (service centers) each after 60-80 km distance on the highways. Those static points will remain under direct control of Head office located at Dhaka. We will also have offices in other major cities. They will deal with membership, complains, suggestions for operation and future expansion of the business. 5. 5 Customer Analysis 5. 5. 1 On the basis of buying Roles 5. 5. 2 On the basis of customer Buying Behavior Our service falls in the complex buying behavior group as it is a high involvement service. Customers normally don’t come to the workshops unless they need it. Again for yearly membership one has to pay Tk5000. Thereby, it is a service that involves a good amount of money. Customers will think twice to be a member of Safejourney. Thus, our customers buying will follow complex buying behavior. 6. 0 MERKET PRODUCT FOCUS 6. 1. Financial, Marketing and Service Objective 6. 1. 1 Financial Objective 6. 1. 2. Marketing Objective. 6. 1. 3. Product / Service objective 6. 2 Target Market 6. 2. 1. The Selection of Target Market The Underlying logic and hypothesis dictated us to select the specific target markets: 6. 2. 2. Market Segmentation To attain the objective of our business plan, bases for our market segmentation is Demographic and psychographic factors. Under the demographic, the segment variables are social class and occupation. In social class the upper class and upper middle class is our focal point. And under occupation we have mainly focused to the business class. Under the psychographic bases we have considered the social values to be our main segment variables. People who are highly security concerned and highly time concerned are the point of concentration here. 6. 2. 3 Specific Target Group Basing on our logic/ hypothesis, our market segmentation has led us to select the following specific target groups as our customers: Private car owners. Business class traveling in personal/ official car. Taxi cab companies Transport owners/ Agencies. The target groups as per the segmentation can be categorized as under: |Market segment |Customer group | |Market segment 1 |Private car owners | |Market segment 2 |Business class | |Market segment 3 |Transport owners/Agencies, Taxicab companies. 6. 2. 4 Effectiveness of the Targeted Market Segment. Effectiveness of the segmentation can be measured using five useful criteria. These are Measurability, Substitutability, Accessibility, Differentiability and Actionable criteria. Testing of our segmentation based on these criteria is shown as under: Market Segment |Measurable |Substantial |Accessible |Differentiable |Action-able | |MS 1 |Very Good |Large and highly |Easily Accessible |Good |Effective and | | | |profitable | | |feasible plan can | | | | | | |be formulated | |MS 2 |very Good |Large and Profitable |Accessible |Good |Effective and | | | | | |feasible plan can | | | | | | |be formulated | |MS3 |very Good |Very Large and profit |Acc essible |Good |Effective and | | | |able | | |Feasible plan can | | | | | | |be formulated | 6. 3 Point of Difference One of the most important factors for launching any new product/ service is the points of differentiation. We will differentiate our service from the competitor in respect of service, personnel and image differentiation. 6. 3. 1 Service Differentiation The key to success of our business will lie in adding value to the services and continuous improvement of quality. SafeJourney will differentiate its service from others in respect of following attributes: Ordering Ease |Any one facing the problem in highway can easily call us | | |simply making a phone call. Need not to take the trouble of | | |searching around miles together for someone leaving the | | |vehicle in uncertainty. | |Delivery |The mobile workshop of SafeJourney will be committed to solve | | |the problem in a speedy manner with adequate care and | | |accuracy. |Special service and Maintenance |Any one ca lling SafeJourney for a mechanical problem of | | |vehicles will be provided with free wind shield wash to that | | |vehicle and the assurance will be provided that any further | | |problem for same reason will be given free service in that | | |particular journey. | 6. 3. 2 Personnel Differentiation ‘SafeJourney’ will gain a strong competitive advantage by developing a better-trained people. For attaining this we will emphasize on the following aspect: Competence: The engineer/ mechanics of ‘safeJourney’ will possess the required skill and knowledge to deal with any mechanical/ technical problem of any type of vehicle. The mechanics will be grouped in such manner so that they can deal with any problem of the affected vehicle for which they are called for. ? Courtesy: The employees of our service will be trained to behave in a friendly, respectful and considerate manner in response to any problem given by the customer. ? Credibility: The trustworthiness of the service will be developed by providing price rate card from the company along with the specific identity card for the employees. ? Responsiveness: The Company will have a quick response in any call by sending the mobile workshop within half an hour on the spot. Communication: ‘Safejourney’ will keep the system of communicating about any problem/ comments by giving a comment card while solving the vehicle problem. This will be used by the management for further improvement of service. 6. 3. 3 Image Differentiation Our service will give adequate emphasis on building an image of quick and quality service. To do this, we will express our messages in symbols, written and audiovisual media, different events and also by employee behavior. 6. 3. 4 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) This is the factor which will attract the customer to accept our service rather than the competitors. We will concentrate on the following USP of our service. Caring about customer’s time. G reater attention on safety measures. First to provide reliable mobile repair/ recovery service in the country. 6. 4 Positioning To attain a distinctive position in the customer’s mind we will give adequate emphasis on our unique selling proposition. We will create an image of the company by promoting the idea â€Å"SafeJourney–for people who cares about time and safety†. 6. 4. 1 Positioning strategy For attaining the desired positioning in customer’s mind we will adopt the double benefit strategy. We will claim two benefit in this regard: The fastest. The safest 7. 0 MARKETING PROGRAM 7. 1 Service Strategy 7. 1. 1 Type of Service This is a utility service for providing mobile mechanical/ technical support to the vehicles facing problems in highways. This will ensure a quick and easy service which will allow the travelers to reach to their destination safely without wasting the time. 7. 1. 2. Features of service The service will be provided both in membership and non membership basis and have the following features to provide: Repair and Recovery a. The first effort will be given to reach to the spot with mobile workshop by half an hour of receiving any call. b. The main effort will be in repairing the vehicle on spot as quickly as possible. c. Relatively difficult cases will be handled by the static service point d. In case of major difficulties the option will be given to deliver the vehicle to the desired destination after necessary repair works. Emergency Service a. Providing first aid to the accident injuries. b. Evacuating the serious cases to the nearest hospital/ clinic. c. In case of criminal act, providing support by informing highway Patrol Police. d. To provide transportation service to anyone on payment only in emergency cases. Communication service a. The company will establish an internal communication system for its operation. b. The company will render this facility to be used by the transport companies on the basis of payment. 7. 1. 3 Brand Name The brand name of the service is given ‘SafeJourney. ’ This is done to create a favorable brand image and brand familiarity by adding the safety as a sensitive issue. All necessary exposure and promotion activities will be done to uphold the different attributes, benefits and values related to the brand. 7. 1. 4 Special / After Service offer To create favorable positive response to the mind of customers the following special offerings will be kept: ? The provision will be kept to provide free windshield wash for the vehicle where applicable. ? Once given service by any mobile workshop the free service guarantee will be given if any problem faced for same reason in that journey. ? For dealing with the emergency situation, the service will be rendered 24 hours. 7. 1. 5 Sources of Spare parts Contacts will be made with the authorized dealer of various motor parts to keep the supply of spare parts available. The amount of the various spares parts inventory will be decided basing on the requirement. 7. 2 Price Strategy 7. 2. 1 List Price Transparency in transaction is considered as one of the most important issues of our business policy. To maintain the trustworthiness and transparency, list price of all types of service will be kept/ hanged with the mobile service team and other service centre. The list price will be also published in the advertisement in print media. A minimum fixed charge of Tk. 250 will be charged for every vehicle calling for service. Other charges will vary basing on the intensity of the job. A model of list price is shown as under: PRICE LIST SERIAL NO |SERVICE DESCRIPTION |PRICE | | | |(In Taka) | |01 |Call charge |250 | |02 |Membership Subscription |5000 | |03 |Servicing |250 | |04 |Oil change |100 | |05 |Air Lock Clearance |250 | |06 |Fuel line Clearance |250 | |07 |Tappet Clearance |800 |08 |Cylinder Head Leakage Repair |1000 | |09 |Timing |2000 | |10 |Sp ark Plug Change |600 | |11 |Self Starter |500 | |12 |Fuse Box |100 | |13 |Carburetor Cleaning |200 | |14 |Gear Box Repair |500 | |15 |AC pump Repair |300 | |16 |Break Repair |500 | |17 |Steering Gear Repair |500 | |18 |Electric Circuit |250 | |19 |Lighting |250 | |20 |Spare parts |As per mkt price | 7. 2. 2 Discount To Increase the membership number and attract the customers a 65% discount will be given to the members of safeJourney. 7. 2. 3 System of payment The Payment system will be on the basis of cash payment before delivery. However, the payment may be made at any zonal / area offices also. 7. 2. 4 Different Price strategy. We plan to adopt different price strategies in different situation. ? At Launching Stage. As this is a new service in this country, our company being first to enter in this business will have a pioneer advantage. And as we will not have any brand competitor at this stage so we will adopt cost plus policy at this stage. The assumption led us to follow this policy is the substitute awareness effect which tells that customers are less price sensitive when they are less aware of substitutes. ? At Brand competitive Stage. In Brand competitive stage it is likely that new entrants will also come in this business. If we face challenges by the new entrants in terms of price strategy, we will face this by adding new values and better quality through more promotional activities. As the new entrants are likely to face huge amount of initial investment expenditure, it is likely to be difficult for the competitors to snatch our significant market share. Again a substantial amount of revenue in the business will come through the membership subscription which is given yearly. So due to involvement of high switch over cost customers are less likely to switch over to new competitors. ‘The difficult comparison effect’ of price sensitivity also supports our strategy as it speaks — customers are less price sensitive when they cannot easily compare the quality of substitutes. However in this stage we may have to go for the price cut strategy basing on the market condition. 7. 2. 5. Pricing Method Basing on the market survey and the result of our hypothesis we have used a combination of both perceived value pricing and going rate pricing method to select our price. 7. 3 Promotion Strategies Promotion is considered as one of the greatest market winning factor to increase the sales of own product/ service. It consists of different promotion mix i. e. advertisement, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Direct Selling and Public Relation (PR) . The promotion activities also varies basing on the product/Service life cycle through which a product/ service comes from introductory stage to growth, maturity and at last at declining stage. So our promotional activity will also vary in response to different life cycle of our service in following ways: 7. 3. 1 Introductory Stage In this stage our main strategy will be to create the customer awareness about the brand name of our service. Since the service involves the complex buying behavior, the main emphasis will be given to the print media. The promotional activities include: Regular advertisement in daily newspaper and magazines. Using Billboard in the entrance and exit of the petrol pump. Using Billboard in highways with repeated intervals. In TV and radio highlighting our USP during the commercial slot. ? Providing attractive and colorful posters, calendars etc to the car sales centre. 7. 3. 2 Growth Stage At this stage the strategy will be to create brand familiarity to keep the present customers satisfied and to attract the new customers. This will be done as follows: ? Differentiation advertisements in both print media and loud media frequently. ? Create value chain for the existing members by sending small gifts like calendars, cards etc containing the brand symbol Arranging different types of PR programs. 7. 3. 3Maturity Stage At this stage the strategy will be to keep the people conscious about our product by various remainder advertisement and other programs It includes: Remainder advertisement in both print media and loud media. ? To increase brand preferences providing advertisement with celebrities. Arranging various PR Programs. Sponsoring different games/ sports cultural programs etc. 7. 3. 4 Decline stage Starting from the maturity stage onward, the amount of our market share is likely to decrease. At decline stage it will tend to reduce more. But the human psychology about time and safety will always exist. The market is also likely to expand. Even though, the company may face difficulties due to more number of competitors. To overcome the problem, the following strategy will be adopted: Providing new features to the customers by making differentiation. Giving reminder advertisement both in print and loud media Arranging PR programs using satisfied customers etc. 7. Placement (Distribution strategy) The Placement strategy is very important to ensure that the company’s product/ service are passed through the right channel to achieve the objective of the company. 7. 4. 1 Places to Serve Initially the service will be started only in three important routes. These routes are: Dhaka – Chittagong h ighways. Dhaka – Jessore – Khulna highways Dhaka – Bogra- Rajshahi highways Subsequently basing on the feedback and market condition the number of routes will be increased. 7. 4. 2 Channel Strategies The channel of our service will be direct. ? Head office -Zonal service centre – Static Point- Mobile service workshop We will also increase the number of zonal offices/ service centre to most of the district towns. ? We will also acquire the local agency to act as the local representatives in zonal offices. ? The detail distribution channel is illustrated in Appendix E. 8. 0 FINANCIAL DATA AND PROJECTIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |8. Initial Investment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fixed Expenditure | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Item | | | Tk in Lacs | | | | | |Construction/Office | | |7 | | | | | |Office Furniture | |7 | | | | | |Vehicle Procurement | |223. 4 | | | | | |Tel/Mobile | | |9. 4 | | | | | |Tool s and Equip | |25 | | | | | |Promotion | | |10 | | | | | |Training | | |3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total | | |284. 54 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8. 2 Yearly Expenditure | | | |Tk in Lacs | | |Salary | | |85. 3 |Details Shown in Appendix F | |Tel Bills | | |9. 48 | | |Fuel | | |35 | | |Rent-Office/Outlets | | |81. 4 | | |Promotion | | |12 | | |Electricity/Gas/Water |5. 64 | | |Miscellaneous | | |6. 4 | | | | | | | | |Total | | |235. 69 | | | | | | | | 8. 3 Projected Yearly Return in 5 Years From providing highway Service | | | | |Yearly |In 5 Years | |Per Day 30 Cases X 3 Routes X 500 X 365 |164. 25 |821. 25 | | | | | Tk in Lacs From Membership Charges Year | | |Tk in Lacs | |Year 1 |1000 |5000 |50 | |Year2 |2000 |5000 |100 | |Year 3 |3000 |5000 |150 | |Year 4 |3500 |5000 |175 | |Year 5 |3500 |5000 |175 | | | | | | |Total income in 5 Years 650 | 8. 4 Calculation of Payback Period | | |Taka In Lacs | | | | | | | | | |Year |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 | | | | | | | | | |Opening Bal |-284. 5 4 |-305. 98 |-277. 42 |-198. 86 |-95. 3 | | |Cash out flow |-235. 69 |-235. 69 |-235. 69 |-235. 69 |-235. 69 |-235. 69 | |Cash in flow |214. 25 |264. 25 |314. 25 |339. 25 |339. 25 |339. 25 | |End Bal |-305. 98 |-277. 42 |-198. 86 |-95. 3 |8. 5 |103. 56 | | | | | | | | | | |Fraction of years=330. 99/339. 25=. 975 Years. | | | | | | | |Total Pay back Period =4+. 975=4. 975 Years. | | 8. 5 Projected Profit |Expected profit in year 5 = Tk 8. 25 Lac | |Expected profit from year 6 onwards = Tk. 103. 56 Lac | 9. 0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Implementation is the key success factor for any business. The business planning may be the best but if implementation plan is wrong the business will fail to achieve its objectives. To achieve our business objectives we plan our business in the following way: 9. 1 Services Strategy Safejourney will provide services to the customers as and when they call. Someone may get services if they come directly to the static points. Our efforts will be to establish strong communication network to reach our customers using existing T T facilities and mobile networks. We will also have our own communication network to ease our customers to reach us at anytime. Practice of mobile patrol on the highways to find out and meet any eventualities will also be there. Besides repair, we also plan to provide some additional services in following ways: (1) For ensuring smooth first aid service, our employees will be specially trained on first aid. (2) Delivering the vehicle at desired place after repair will be accomplished with the necessary co-ordination with zonal offices. (3) Evacuation to accident injuries will be provided by maintaining a good will and liaison with the local hospital and clinics. (4) On establishing our own communication facilities it may be rented to the transport agencies. 9. 2 Price Strategy As it was stated earlier, services will be provided on the basis of payment and we will have separate price strategy for our members and non-member customers. On accomplishment of any service, the senior mechanics will calculate the price basing on the minimum call charge, price of spare parts, membership discount rate and services as per price table and make the bill to the customer. Customer may pay the bill in cash on the spot or any of our offices/outlets. In the later case, the vehicle will be delivered only after the confirmation of the payment of the due bill. To deal with the competitors in the competitive stage, SafeJourney may also change the service charge or membership subscription as the situation demands but the quality will not be compromised in any case. 9. 3 Promotion Strategy: To implement our business strategy we will go for rapid skimming. For this we will spend an amount of Tk 1,000,000 as we launch the service. In addition to it an amount of Tk 12, 00,000 will be spent on promotional activities per year. In this regard maximum emphasis will be given to print media and using the billboard. We plan to provide advertisement on web sites also. 9. 4 Distribution Safejourney is taking all out efforts to establish a smooth, secure and effective distribution channels. Members will be enrolled either by the zonal offices directly or through local agents and few selected petrol pumps. The selected petrol pumps will be considered as exclusive distribution means. 10. 0 ORGANISATION The Head office of Safejourney will be established in Dhaka. The whole organisation is headed by Managing Director (MD). The MD will look after the overall planning, organizing, leading and controlling aspects of Safejourney. There are total six departments in head office, which are as follows: †¢ Operations and Planning †¢ Technical Support †¢ Administration and Medical †¢ Management Information System †¢ Accounts and †¢ Human Resource Management Under the department of operation and planning there will be one control station on for 24 hours. The three Divisional managers are responsible to control the three routes under the supervision of Operation department. Dhaka – Chittagong route looked after by Divisional Manager –1 (Chittagong) Dhaka – Bogra-Rajshahi route looked after by Divisional Manager –2 (Bogra) Dhaka – Jessore-Khulna route looked after by Divisional Manager –3 (Jessore) Under each Division there are three zonal offices and under the zonal offices there are three static points each. Each static point is equipped with at least two Highway Mobile Patrols. 11. 0 EVALUATION AND CONTROL To learn how well the company is running, we must evaluate the present strategy. Accordingly management will be taking decision on what should be done. For that we will evaluate our performance by finding the information of following aspects: 1] Is the competitive approach of the company is correct? [2] Could we differentiate our services from our rivals? [3] Could we provide our services at a broad spectrum or to a niche? [4] Is the geographic coverage of our services correct? [5] Are the functional activit ies of the company correct? [6] Could we make expected return/ cash flow? [7] What is the company’s image and reputation with the customers and competitors? [8] Could we make continuous improvement of our performance? We will also carry out evaluation of information continuously. This will help us to take timely decisions. We plan to carry out analysis of information on the following manner: 1] Daily earnings and expenses report. [2] Total number of customers per day. 12. 0 CONCLUSION Continuous improvement and development of new offerings is an essential part for any business success in the present world. Everyday people in the business world seek for new opportunity and spending millions in this purpose. The overall paper is developed highlighting all the detail that is required to do a successful marketing of a new offerings. The alternatives are highlighted and the provisions are kept open to carry out the necessary adjustments as the market dictates. Proper implementatio n of the plan can make the service-SafeJourney a successful one. How to cite Safe Journey, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Anemia and 26-year-old White Woman free essay sample

Case Studies Read the case studies below and answer the questions that follow in two short essays that will be submitted as one deliverable. Case Study #1 Ms. A. is an apparently healthy 26-year-old white woman. Since the beginning of the current golf season, Ms. A has noted increased shortness of breath and low levels of energy and enthusiasm. These symptoms seem worse during her menses. Today, while playing in a golf tournament at a high, mountainous course, she became light-headed and was taken by her golfing partner to the emergency clinic. The attending physician’s notes indicated a temp of 98 degrees F, an elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure. Ms. A states, â€Å"Menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for 10-12 years, and I take 1,000 mg of aspirin every 3 to 4 hours for 6 days during menstruation. † During the summer months, while playing golf, she also takes aspirin to avoid â€Å"stiffness in my joints. We will write a custom essay sample on Anemia and 26-year-old White Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Laboratory values are as follows: Hemoglobin = 8 g/dl Hematocrit = 32% Erythrocyte count = 3. 1 x 10/mm RBC smear showed microcytic and hypochromic cells Reticulocyte count = 1. 5% Other laboratory values were within normal limits. Question Considering the circumstances and the preliminary workup, what type of anemia does Ms. A most likely have? In an essay of 500-750 words, explain your answer and include rationale. Case Study #2 Mr. P is a 76-year-old male with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure who has been hospitalized frequently to treat CHF symptoms. He has difficulty maintaining diet restrictions and managing his polypharmacy. He has 4+ pitting edema, moist crackles throughout lung fields, and labored breathing. There is no family other than his wife, who verbalizes sadness over his declining health and over her inability to get out of the house. She is overwhelmed with the stack of medical bills, as Mr. P always took care of the financial issues. Mr. P is despondent and asks why God has not taken him. Question Considering Mr. P’s condition and circumstance, write an essay of 500-750 words that includes the following: †¢Describe your approach to care. †¢Recommend a treatment plan. †¢Describe a method for providing both the patient and family with education and your rationale. †¢Provide a teaching plan; avoid using terminology that the patient and family may not understand.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

How One Simple Thing Turned Into $1k of Freelance Writing Business

How rockin would it be to earn an extra $1K in less than 3 weeks – from a brand new client? Almost sounds a bit crazy eh? I dont know about you, but I typically average around $500 per month from each of my recurring blogging clients. So, how did I double this with a   client I recently landed? I didnt raise my rates. I didnt land a copywriting gig – although Im itching to do some copywriting in the future. I didnt even land a recurring gig. This gig is on-demand and ghostwritten. Pretty standard for freelance writing. So, how did I do it? Ive Never Talked About This Before When I think of what it takes to be a successful freelance writer, I typically think of: Dedication Passion Persistence Strong marketing ability Social presence The right attitude to make it as a freelance writer But, I never considered – or even talked about – basic professionalism as a key to success. Its always a given in my book. I dont know about you, but I want to wow my clients. I want to be their go-to writer when they need a blog post or article written. I must be doing something right – because my clients are obviously impressed by me. So, I was surprised how a simple thing I was doing for this client turned into a big payout. Want to know what it was? I made sure to be prompt. That was it. I was available. Being There At the Right Time The agreement I had with this new client was on an ad hoc basis. He has a team of writers working for him so I figured I would get an assignment maybe once a month. The client requested an ad hoc piece right away, which I agreed to write, while I continued working on other client work. Then, a little while later, I received this email: Even though I was quite busy at the time, I jumped at the opportunity. I said sure, no problem, and eventually this turned into the client asking me to write several posts over the month. I didnt turn down work. One writer quitting for the client turned into a $1K writing opportunity for me. Hows that for being prompt and available? Is That All It Takes? Im a busy WAHM. Now that Im in the midst of potty training my twin toddlers, my time is split between potty duty and client work. But, even though my days are full, I do my best to balance work and life. I work a little bit every day. There are many freelance writers that clock in at 8 am and clock out at 5 pm. They take the weekends off and dont answer their work email until Monday morning. Kudos to them. But, if a client emails me on a Sunday morning, Ill be sure to get back to them within the day. And, if they ask me to do a rush job, you bet I will do my best to say yes. Established freelance writers may think differently. Ive only done this a year so Im eager to grow my business and make freelance writing viable. Im also only working part-time most days, so every day I play with my children, cook their meals, do the laundry and write for my clients. I slip in social media throughout the day, but there will be days where I dont even check my Twitter or Facebook. It all evens out for me. When my children go to school, Ill be able to structure my day more like from 8am-3pm, but for now, Im fine with my splintered schedule. I do feel obligated to be prompt and available to my clients because I only have very limited time during the day to work. Im still new and want to make my mark in this business, and being available helps me achieve this. What This Means For You Whats so great about professionalism is that anyone can do it, especially if you are starting out as a freelance writer. Doing these little things can help you stand out when you dont have a portfolio or testimonials yet. So, dont ever think no ones going to hire you because youre new to freelance writing. With a killer pitch, a persistent attitude and professionalism in the bag, you will land a client in no time. And to help you out, here are some other ways you can show your professionalism to a new client: Exceed those deadlines – hand in your work days before its due. Clients will definitely notice how keen you are and may be inclined to give you more work. Respond to emails right away (or as soon as you can) – clients can come from all over the world, so when they shoot off an email to you, respond quickly. Go the extra mile for clients – I often ask clients if they want me to upload my post into their WordPress site. More times than not, clients tell me what a big help that is. Another thing I often do is include a feature image in my service package. This is what one client told me after I uploaded a featured image (flat design): Get Out There Today I would never have thought being prompt would pay off so big. But, it goes to show that we are all just people. People want to be treated with respect. So, if youre new to freelance writing this one simple thing can really skyrocket your business. Be that writer thats available, respond to your emails right away and always put your best foot forward. Now its your turn – do you have a simple thing thats helped you succeed in your freelance writing business? Id like to hear about it!

Monday, November 25, 2019

My Mom Essays

My Mom Essays My Mom Essay My Mom Essay It has taken me all of my 17 years of life to finally realize what an import person my mother has been to me, and how much of an influence she has had on my life. I have never noticed until I started to contemplate my essay topic. She is an extraordinary influence on my life, and also my best friend. My mom is such a great role model I feel lucky to have been raised and brought up by her. I aspire to grow into as great a person as she is today. My mom has sacrificed so much for my brother and I, she would drop everything and anything if it meant helping us in someway or just to make our day a little better. My moms love for my brother and I is most apparent in the way she wants us to experience our life. She wants to give us every opportunity she possibly can and especially the ones she never got; if that meant whether or not we wanted to or not. She always encourages us to do and try new things, stick with something all the way through and never quit. She pushed me to accomplish things I never would have done without her support and guidance. Although she gave it all her might sometimes my stubbornness outshone her persistence. I’ve been involved in so many different activities since I was able to walk I start to lose count. In most of my activities my mom was determined to make me stick with it and do my best, but eventually in every time, without fail, I wanted to quit. Piano, soccer, basketball, violin, dance, gymnastics, choir, every time I was convinced to â€Å"give it a try! †, and every time I quit for vast and vague reasons. This became a pattern up until the eighth grade. This is only a small example of how much my mother has been an important influence on my life, but made a big impact. I made countless friends and had a great time. Although I never got my desk I look back now as a member on the varsity dance team, and am grateful that my mom pushed to so hard to take the dance lessons. They were worth it and I love dance so much. I have improved so much since freshman year and look forward to possibly dancing in college. Now my brother is a freshman and he is faced with the same problem I had when I was his age, and now its up to my mom and I to help him fit in and find his way in high school!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures Dissertation

WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures - Dissertation Example ed system, the facts are that is simply installed a complex legal system that is basically beyond the capabilities of developing nations to effectively use in terms of staffing and expertise. The realities of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding as brought forth in this study indicated that the organisation needs to review its process to provide a pooled legal staff to represent the interests of its emerging nations. This examination will bring forth information and examples to provide an understanding of the WTO dispute handing processes as a means to reveal the issues. Â   Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 6 1.1 Background Summary 6 1.2 Problem Statement 7 1.3 Aims and Objectives 8 1.4 Significance of the Study 8 2.0 Literature Review 9 2.1 The World Trade Organisation – An Overview 9 2.1.1 Uruguay Round Additions 11 2.2 WTO Dispute Settlement Process 17 2.3 WTO Disputes Settlement and Developing Countries 22 2.4 WTO Dispute Settlement Study 36 2.5 Developing Country I nvestigations 42 3.0 Methodology 50 3.1 Framework 50 3.2 Research Strategy 51 3.3 Data Collection 52 3.4 Limitations 52 4.0 Findings and Analysis 53 4.1 Problem Statement 53 4.2 Aim 55 4.3 Objective 57 4.3.1 The various problems associated with the system while seeking resolutions and various reforms within the dispute resolution process to make it more suitable for the developing countries. 57 4.3.1 Examine the WTO dispute settlement process using examples of Gulf States in the Middle East as well as other developing countries in terms of equity and fairness. 59 5.0 Conclusion 64 References 67 Figures and Tables Figures Figure 1 – WTO Dispute Settlement System 19 Figure 2 - Value of world merchandise trade by region, 2000-2009 22 Figure 3 - Regional shares in world merchandise exports, 2000 and...As developed and brought forth under the Introduction segment, the World Trade Organisation grew from the experiences, understandings and lessons learned under GATT. The preceding s tatement represents a sweeping broad generalisation in that within the processes of the WTO the settling of disputes represents a real as well as important part of the system. It is this area that has given rise to comments and issues that this study seeks to explore. The summary background pointed out that the prior weaknesses in terms of dispute settlement, was contained in its procedures that were not effective and were politically charged that clouded the justice process. Bello and Holmer (1994, p. 1096) add to the above by telling us that any nation, especially the one against which the complaint had been filed, could effectively delay or even block the dispute resolution process. In understanding the context of this study, one needs to understand that the prior organisation had its flaws and areas that frustrated the developing nations. This situation is clearly a part of the history of the WTO and thus needs to be understood as a means to effectively examine the present Dispute Settlement Understanding. Factors that worked against GATT were that it did not operate as a formal institution, thus it lacked official procedures for making rules that were obligatory on all parties (Georgetown Law Library, 2009).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Explain the role of the FASB in monitoring and controlling busines Assignment

Explain the role of the FASB in monitoring and controlling busines repotring and practices in the modern organization - Assignment Example These reports are verified by such interest groups from time to time in order to oversee whether or not companies are using their funds and resources well. These reports are of significant importance to investors who take valuable decisions related to investment and financing. These reports reflect flow of fund in and out of the business. They reveal how a firm is utilizing its assets so as to facilitate sufficient productivity and revenue. The different standards established by the organization help companies to develop and maintain a well-structured accounting system (Whittington, 2008). FASB has adequate power to formulate different policies, but the organization does not have rights to impose them upon the companies. Enforcement of accounting standards falls under the jurisdiction of SEC. The standards set by the FASB are required to be followed by public companies in maintaining their books of accounts and financial statements. So, the organization acts as a leader to different corporate entities. The FASB takes necessary advice from SEC and American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) for formulating or improving the different accounting standards. FASB is not required to consult with any business organization before setting accounting standards. Hence, the organization has superior authority over ways whereby companies maintain their accounts and financial reports (King, 2006). The primary motive of standards established by the FASB is to ensure that organizations can develop their financial reports in such a manner that different interest groups can develop correct perceptions about organization’s financial structure. This facilitates stakeholders to make informed decisions. The standards are developed in a way, which promotes transparency in management of funds in a company and corresponding disclosure in the reports. The set

Monday, November 18, 2019

Place attachment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Place attachment - Research Paper Example The paper outlines all the thoughts from different books about the place attachment of people. There are various factors that contribute to create a bond between individuals and their living places. Apart from cultural and social values religion plays a vital role to build up a relationship of people with their living region. In 2004 Mazumdar and Mazumdar presented a study of sacred places to show relationship between place attachment and religion. Religion strongly influences people`s lifestyle, and their daily practices specifically worship places and communal gatherings help people develop a strong bond with the area and other people living in the same community. The study shows that religious people like to live near their worship places, which facilitates them during worship and consequently an attachment is developed with the place mainly for religious purposes. Additionally, when a strong relation is formed with the other people come for collective prayers place attachment increases. This study explores that religion attachment also contribute to build an attachment with the new place which seem more attractive and religious to people with respect to their own religious rituals and practices. Architectural fame and popularity of the religious places has significance importance on other hand that attracts people from regions to visit or migrate to particular locations. Researchers highlighted examples from different religions including Islam, Hinduism and Christianity to view place attachment from a wider spectrum.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Study Of Injection Mold Temperature And Cooling Time Engineering Essay

Study Of Injection Mold Temperature And Cooling Time Engineering Essay Majority of complicate plastics products are formed by the injection molding process. Faster production rate and repeatability are the key elements. Although most of the injection molding machines are highly sophisticated in terms of process control yet the control of mold temperature is the most neglected aspect. The mold cooling time contributes a major portion (usually 30 to 60%) of total cycle time. Reduction in mold cooling time is directly associated with profitability. The effect of mold temperature on cooling time and product quality is very important to understand. Here an effort has been made to analyze various aspects of mold cooling. Introduction Injection molding is one of the most favorite processing methods among the polymer processors that has revolutionized the polymer processing. Continuous research work carried out by the injection molding machines manufacturers is the key behind the success of this processing technique. Todays injection molding machines are one of the most sophisticated in terms of process control. Various processing parameters like injection pressure, injection speed, hold on pressure, cavity pressures etc. are very precisely controlled by close loop control. Latest developments in the field of microprocessors/ microcontrollers technology resulted in PLCs, with very short scan time, for quicker response. Many other developments like advancements in plasticizing screw design, mould safety, all electrical actuators, robotic part removal etc. came into existence in early nineties [1]. Although a lot had happened at the technological front, still the control of mould temperature is the most neglected aspect of injection moulding technology. In spite of well known relationship between mould temperature and cooling time, in other words mould temperature has great effect over cycle time (that ultimately leads to profitability), no serious efforts has, however, been made to extend the advancements in process control up to the mould. As on today most of the processing industries involved in injection moulding business, especially in Asian countries are using either a cooling tower or refrigerated chilling plant and seldom a mould temperature controller for engineering/ specialty polymers. In fact moulders usually do not bother about the mould temperature. In most of the cases, setting of cooling time and adjustment of mould temperature is an experience driven exercise that may not always land up at optimum solution [2]. In this paper an effort has been made to take a deeper insight of various aspects of mould temperature and cooling time by modeling and simulation route. An innovative design concept of mould temperature controller is also discussed which is in its early developing stage. Heat Transfer in Injection Mould Heat transfer in injection mould is quite complex in nature. It involves conductive and convective type of heat transfer, although negligible heat loss from mould takes place in form of radiation [3]. The solidification process for molten polymer mass inside mould involves a complex heat transfer mechanism. In order to simplify the problem of heat transfer associated with turbulent fluid flow, here an assumption is made defining a constant temperature between the cavity wall and cooling channels of mould. However in actual practice a temperature gradient will exist depending upon the thermal conductivity of mould steel. The typical heat path in the cooling stage of injection molding is that heat is conducted from hot polymer to the comparatively cold mold, and then conducted through the mold to the cooling line, where it is removed by convection through coolant [7]. In injection molding, in order to reduce the cycle time, the coolant undergoes turbulent flow. Rapidly flowing fluids are fully turbulent when Re >10,000 the transfer of heat is very efficient. Slowly flowing fluids are laminar when Re For turbulent flow, Equation 1 is used to calculate the heat convection coefficient [5], à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (1) Where: d; diameter of cooling hole (m), V; coolant velocity (m/s), à Ã‚ ; coolant density (kg/mâ‚ ¬Ã‹â€ ), ÃŽÂ ¼; viscosity, h; convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m.K), k; thermal conductivity (W/m ².K), L; perimeter of the cooling hole (m). For this case, Re is > 10,000, so the flow is fully turbulent. A simulink model was developed to simulate the variation of mold temperature from start up to approximately 1 hour and 23 minutes run with following conditions [6]; Table 1: Conditions for Simulation Initial Melt Temperature 523 deg.K Initial Mold Temperature 298 deg.K Ejection Temperature 364 deg.K Mass of Mold 200 kg Specific Heat of mold (P-20 steel) 461.2 J/kg k Cycle Time 30 sec Injection Time 5 sec Cooling Time 20 sec Material ABS plastic, Grade: Cycolac GPM550 Thermal Conductivity of ABS 0.22 (W/m.deg.K) Specific Heat of ABS 2352.4 (J/kg.degK) It is usual practice among molders to run injection molding machine for few (10 20) cycles without flow of coolant in mold to increase the molds surface temperature up to the required mold temperature [7]. This is usually done to avoid short shots, flow lines and other possible molding defects. A dead zone has been incorporated in simulink model for 450 sec (about 15 molding cycle). This effect can be seen in plot. Initially the rise in temperature is rapid (up to 450 sec) compared to rest of the part of plot. Fig 1: Graphical representation of Model using Simulink Fig 2: Simulation Result for mold temperature for more than 150 cycles from startup. It is clear from the plot shown in fig 2, that under the conditions as defined in table 1, mould will take about 1hour to reach steady state temperature of about 320 deg.K Dependence of Cooling Time over Mould Temperature Cooling time is defined as the time required to reduce the temperature of molten polymer up to ejection temperature. Usually ejection temperature of moulding is few degree (20 30 degC) below the heat deflection temperature (HDT) of material to insure distortion free removal of moulded part. Cooling time starts just after complete filling of cavity up to ejection. A rough estimation can be made for the cooling time, using the correlation given below; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (3) s; part thickness (cm), ÃŽÂ ±; thermal diffusivity (cm.sq/ sec), Tm; melt temperature ( °C), Tw; mold temperature ( °C), Te; ejection temperature ( °C), K; thermal conductivity (W/m- °K), à Ã‚ ; density (gm/cc), Cp; Specific heat (KJ/Kg- °K) It is clear from simulated result shown in fig. 2 that mould temperature is not a constant, in fact it is not only a variable from startup temperature to steady state temperature but also it changes during each cycle, fluctuating about cycle average temperature [5]. In order to simulate the cooling time for one injection cycle the instant energy balance equation for cooling of given geometry of part can be written as; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (4) This equation can be solved using finite element method with suitable boundary conditions i.e. constant boundary temperature or constant heat flow rate. For simplification of problem, a square shaped, ABS plastic part has been chosen. The two dimensional drawing and 3-D view of the part under analysis is given below; Fig-3: Two Dimensional orthographic view and three dimensional view of ABS Plastics part under analysis. ABS plastic material was selected for above geometry of part, the processing conditions and properties of the polymeric material are given below; Table-2: Processing conditions and properties of material Initial Melt Temperature 523 deg.K Initial Mold Temperature 323 deg.K Ejection Temperature 345 deg.K Material ABS plastic, Grade: Cycolac GPM550 Density 1005 (Kg/mâ‚ ¬Ã‹â€ ) Thermal Conductivity 0.22 (W/m.deg.K) Specific Heat 2352.4 (J/kg.degK) In order to simplify the analysis and to reduce the simulation time, the analysis was done in 2 D. Transient thermal analysis was carried out using ANSYS 5.4. For the analysis 4-node thermal solid (PLANE55) element type was selected. Fig-4: Temp distribution at t = 50sec at mold temp = 312 K The 2 D model was suitably meshed and analysis was done with different mold temperatures, given in table 3. Polymer melt temperature and part ejection temperature were kept same. Table 3: Polymer melt temperature vs. simulated cooling time Polymer melt Temperature = 523 deg.K Part ejection temperature = 345 deg.K Mold Temperature (deg.K) Cooling Time (Sec) 312 62.5 323 70 333 92.5 343 130 Cooling time was graphically calculated at a point where the part temperature was below HDT i.e. 345 K, for each of the run. ANSYS Post processor was used to obtain the cooling time vs. temperature data. (A). Mould Temp = 323 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 70 sec (B). Mould Temp = 312 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 62.5 sec (C). Mould Temp = 333 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 92.5 sec (D). Mould Temp = 343 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 130 sec Fig-5: Dependency of cooling Time over Mold Temperature It is clear from the above plots that the temperature gradient (between melt and mould) is a diminishing quantity during every moulding cycle. In other words we can say that rate of heat transfer from melt to coolant is maximum at the start of cooling time and reaches to its minimum value at the end of cooling time. This diminishing rate of heat transfer is responsible for longer cooling time resulting higher cycle time [8]. Mould Cooling At Constant Heat Transfer Rate The cooling time may be defined as the ratio of total heat to be removed (so that ejection temperature is below HDT), to rate of heat removal from the mould via coolants flowing in cooling channels of the mould. As mentioned above that diminishing temperature gradient (due to cooling of polymer melt inside the mould) is responsible for diminishing rate of heat removal during every moulding cycle. In order to have deeper insight, we apply heat balance to mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (5) It is clear from Fig. 2 that the temperature of mould increases initially and ultimately reaches to steady state average constant temperature within few hours depending upon the size of mould and moulding. At this stage the rate of heat accumulation in mould will be negligible, therefore at steady state condition of mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (6) (i). Rate of Heat Input Rate of heat input to the mould may be considered as impulse input, since the most of the polymer melt (about 90% of shot weight) is injected in very short span of time (), comparatively very less than actual injection and hold time. The heat input rate to the mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (7) m = shot weight, Cp = specific heat at nozzle temperature. (ii). Rate of Heat Removal For simplicity we can assume the design of mould to be cylindrical, where four cooling channels are at 100 PCD, concentric with cylindrical shape of cavity as shown in Fig. 6, Fig 6: Top view Cylindrical Mould The rate of heat removal from the mould is function of heat transfer by conduction and convection (we can neglect the heat transfer by radiation). For the cylindrical design of mould and moulding, the conductive and convective heat transfer can be written as [9]; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (8) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (9) Ksteel; Thermal conductivity of mould steel (W/m- °K), Dmold Dpart; Diameter of cylindrical mould and moulding (m), Dchannel; Diameter of cooling channel (m), h; Convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m.K), Therefore, the net rate of heat transfer will be; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (10) It is obvious from equation no. (10). that rate of heat removal (q) will continuously reduce because the Tmelt will tend towards the Tejection. The trend of melt temperature curve with time will be as shown in fig 5. There may be two different methods to keep the rate of heat removal (q) constant i.e. reduction in coolant temperature (Tcoolant), parallel with (Tmelt) so that temperature gradient is constant during entire cooling cycle. This method has some practical difficulties like limitation of very fast changing temperature of coolant, thermal shock to the mould and lots of energy drain from coolant to atmosphere. In the next approach to maintain constant heat removal rate, the flow rate of coolant can be increased with time to increase the value of film transfer coefficient (h). Booth of these problems were modeled using Matlab and simulated results are discussed. The following boundary conditions and data was used for simulation; Table 4: Boundary Conditions and data Parameters Value Dmold 100 mm Dpart 15 mm Ksteel 36.6 W/m degK Dchannel 10 mm L 1.5 meters Tmelt 523 degK Tejecion 364 degK Cp 2352.4 (J/kg degK ) for ABS Cycolac GPM 5500 Grade Shot Weight (m) 100 gms Tcoolant 283 degK Result and Discussion Simulation result for constant heat removal rate achieved via transient coolant temperature, are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. The heat removal at diminishing rate curve is of the same pattern as obtained by using Ansys FEA package, shown in fig. 5. Fig 7: Heat removal from mould at constant and diminishing rate. Fig 8: Melt temperature, Coolant temperature vs. Cooling Time. The cooling time is approximately 120 sec in this case whereas for constant rate heat removal cooling time is about 60 sec. That much saving in cooling time is at cost of having arrangement for mould cooling that can vary from 323 degK to 175 degK within 1 minute. Reducing the mould temperature up to 175 degK has many engineering problems; mould sweating will be tremendously high at that temperature. In next step, flow rate of coolant was varied keeping the coolant temperature constant at 283 degK. Fig 9: Melt temperature, Heat removal rate and Film Heat transfer Coefficient vs. Cooling Time Fig 10: Reynolds No. and Coolant Flow Rate vs. Cooling Time The cooling time in this case found to be approximately 80 sec. and the coolant flow rate was initially 400 lpm that was ramped up to 1600 lpm within 80sec of cooling time. The shape of melt temperature curve with time is not a straight line which is identification of constant rate heat removal, but still there is a lot of saving in cooling time. To achieve that much saving in cooling time extremely high turbulent coolant flow rate (Re is approximately 3500000 at the end of cooling time) was used. Conclusion The mould temperature and coolant flow rate have great effect over the heat transfer mechanism from mould. Proper adjustment of coolant temperature and flow rate can be useful in reducing the cooling time. Transient coolant flow rate may be used to reduce the cooling time and such mold temperature controllers can be made for achieving reduction in cooling time and ultimately reducing cycle time.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Fall of the House of Usher :: Essays Papers

The Fall of the House of Usher The story starts out with the narrator riding up to an old and gloomy house. He stresses that the overall persona of the house is very eerie. The reason he is at this house is because he received a letter from an old friend by the name of Roderick Usher. Roderick and the narrator were intimate friend at a young age but they had not spoken to each other in several years. The narrator examined the house for a great time as he rode toward the house, he noticed that the house had been severely neglected over time. That the house’s beautiful woodwork and Gothic type of architecture have not been maintenance to any degree since he had last seen it. When he arrived at the home the servant who took his hoarse and directed him to the room that Mr. Usher was in greeted him. Inside the house was also very ornate, but it to had also been left alone for to long. The entire house had a gloomy atmosphere that would put a chill down most people’s spines. When he entered the room his friend was staying in he was warmly welcomed. He could not believe the changes that his dear childhood friend had endured. Roderick was very ill for he was not able to do many things. He could only listen to certain types of sounds, eat certain foods, and he could only look at certain things. Together they to loved to read books of Gothic natures that only added to the ora of the house. Usher had a great collection of books but his favorite was the manual of the forgotten church. Roderick’s sister was also very ill with something that was never diagnosed. In the first few days of the narrator’s visit Ethelred died. She was put into a casket and then the two men carried her to a vault that was below the narrator’s room. Several night later the men noticed sound coming from the vault and went down to investigate. They began to read to each other again, but Roderick paid no attention.